Information Exchange Between Living Organisms

Communication in many of its facets is not limited to humans, or even to primates. Every information exchange between living organisms such as transmission of signals involving a living sender and receiver can also be considered a form of communication. Thus, there is the broad field of animal communication, which encompasses most of the issues in ethology. On a more basic level, There is also cell signaling, cellular communication , and chemical communication between primitive organisms like bacteria , and within the plant and fungal kingdoms. All of these communication processes are sign-mediated interactions with a great variety of distinct coordinations.